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+=================================================
+03: Application Configuration with ``.ini`` Files
+=================================================
+
+Use Pyramid's ``pserve`` command with a ``.ini`` configuration file for
+simpler, better application running.
+
+Background
+==========
+
+Pyramid has a first-class concept of
+:ref:`configuration <pyramid:configuration_narr>` distinct from code.
+This approach is optional, but its presence makes it distinct from
+other Python web frameworks. It taps into Python's ``setuptools``
+library, which establishes conventions for how Python projects can be
+installed and provide "entry points". Pyramid uses an entry point to
+let a Pyramid application it where to find the WSGI app.
+
+Objectives
+==========
+
+- Modify our ``setup.py`` to have an entry point telling Pyramid the
+  location of the WSGI app
+
+- Create an application driven by a ``.ini`` file
+
+- Startup the application with Pyramid's ``pserve`` command
+
+- Move code into the package's ``__init__.py``
+
+Steps
+=====
+
+#. First we copy the results of the previous step:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+    (env27)$ cd ..; cp -r package ini; cd ini
+
+#. Our ``ini/setup.py`` needs a setuptools "entry point" in the
+   ``setup()`` function:
+
+   .. literalinclude:: ini/setup.py
+    :linenos:
+
+#. We can now install our project, thus generating (or re-generating) an
+    "egg" at ``ini/tutorial.egg-info``:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+    (env27)$ python setup.py develop
+
+#. Let's make a file ``ini/development.ini`` for our configuration:
+
+   .. literalinclude:: ini/development.ini
+    :language: ini
+    :linenos:
+
+#. We can refactor our startup code from the previous step's ``app.py``
+   into ``ini/tutorial/__init__.py``:
+
+   .. literalinclude:: ini/tutorial/__init__.py
+    :linenos:
+
+#. Now that ``ini/tutorial/app.py`` isn't used, let's remove it:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+    (env27)$ rm tutorial/app.py
+
+#. Run your Pyramid application with:
+
+   .. code-block:: bash
+
+    (env27)$ pserve development.ini --reload
+
+#. Open ``http://localhost:6543/``.
+
+Analysis
+========
+
+Our ``development.ini`` file is read by ``pserve`` and serves to
+bootstrap our application. Processing then proceeds as described in
+the Pyramid chapter on
+:ref:`application startup <pyramid:startup_chapter>`:
+
+- ``pserve`` looks for ``[app:main]`` and finds ``use = egg:tutorial``
+
+- The projects's ``setup.py`` has defined an "entry point" (lines 9-10)
+  for the project  "main" entry point of ``tutorial:main``
+
+- The ``tutorial`` package's ``__init__`` has a ``main`` function
+
+- This function is invoked, with the values from certain ``.ini``
+  sections passed in
+
+The ``.ini`` file is also used for two other functions:
+
+- *Choice of WSGI server*. ``[server:main]`` wires up the choice of WSGI
+  *server* for your WSGI *application*. In this case, we are using
+  ``wsgiref`` bundled in the Python library.
+
+- *Python logging*. Pyramid uses Python standard logging, which needs a
+  number of configuration values. The ``.ini`` serves this function.
+  This provides the console log output that you see on startup and each
+  request.
+
+- *Port number*. ``port = 6543`` tells ``wsgiref`` to listen on port
+  6543.
+
+We moved our startup code from ``app.py`` to the package's
+``tutorial/__init__.py``. This isn't necessary,
+but it is a common style in Pyramid to take the WSGI app bootstrapping
+out of your module's code and put it in the package's ``__init__.py``.
+
+The ``pserve`` application runner has a number of command-line arguments
+and options. We are using ``--reload`` which tells ``pserve`` to watch
+the filesystem for changes to relevant code (Python files, the INI file,
+etc.) and, when something changes, restart the application. Very handy
+during development.
+
+Extra Credit
+============
+
+#. If you don't like configuration and/or ``.ini`` files,
+   could you do this yourself in Python code?
+
+#. Can we have multiple ``.ini`` configuration files for a project? Why
+   might you want to do that?
+
+#. The entry point in ``setup.py`` didn't mention ``__init__.py`` when
+   it the ``main`` function. Why not?
+
+.. seealso::
+   :ref:`pyramid:project_narr`,
+   :ref:`pyramid:scaffolding_chapter`,
+   :ref:`pyramid:what_is_this_pserve_thing`,
+   :ref:`pyramid:environment_chapter`,
+   :ref:`pyramid:paste_chapter`
+
+Extra Credit
+============
+
+#. What is the purpose of ``**settings``? What does the ``**`` signify?