diff options
| author | Chris McDonough <chrism@plope.com> | 2012-09-16 03:54:28 -0400 |
|---|---|---|
| committer | Chris McDonough <chrism@plope.com> | 2012-09-16 03:54:28 -0400 |
| commit | 401b371e7933f48e4fac2627fa54f85ff9f0a9f0 (patch) | |
| tree | e6398a67619d29161d46f96df646cb736a73f4c7 /docs/narr | |
| parent | fa4672fcb490dd0767fed10c557734b43cd845b8 (diff) | |
| parent | 64452edb014423054d1bbc0bb3ed8a3e47b6f611 (diff) | |
| download | pyramid-401b371e7933f48e4fac2627fa54f85ff9f0a9f0.tar.gz pyramid-401b371e7933f48e4fac2627fa54f85ff9f0a9f0.tar.bz2 pyramid-401b371e7933f48e4fac2627fa54f85ff9f0a9f0.zip | |
Merge branch 'feature.subrequest'
Diffstat (limited to 'docs/narr')
| -rw-r--r-- | docs/narr/subrequest.rst | 186 |
1 files changed, 186 insertions, 0 deletions
diff --git a/docs/narr/subrequest.rst b/docs/narr/subrequest.rst new file mode 100644 index 000000000..bd50b6053 --- /dev/null +++ b/docs/narr/subrequest.rst @@ -0,0 +1,186 @@ +.. index:: + single: subrequest + +.. _subrequest_chapter: + +Invoking a Subrequest +===================== + +.. warning:: + + This feature was added in Pyramid 1.4a1. + +:app:`Pyramid` allows you to invoke a subrequest at any point during the +processing of a request. Invoking a subrequest allows you to obtain a +:term:`response` object from a view callable within your :app:`Pyramid` +application while you're executing a different view callable within the same +application. + +Here's an example application which uses a subrequest: + +.. code-block:: python + + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server + from pyramid.config import Configurator + from pyramid.request import Request + + def view_one(request): + subreq = Request.blank('/view_two') + response = request.invoke_subrequest(subreq) + return response + + def view_two(request): + request.response.body = 'This came from view_two' + return request.response + + if __name__ == '__main__': + config = Configurator() + config.add_route('one', '/view_one') + config.add_route('two', '/view_two') + config.add_view(view_one, route_name='one') + config.add_view(view_two, route_name='two') + app = config.make_wsgi_app() + server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 8080, app) + server.serve_forever() + +When ``/view_one`` is visted in a browser, the text printed in the browser +pane will be ``This came from view_two``. The ``view_one`` view used the +:meth:`pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest` API to obtain a response +from another view (``view_two``) within the same application when it +executed. It did so by constructing a new request that had a URL that it +knew would match the ``view_two`` view registration, and passed that new +request along to :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest`. The +``view_two`` view callable was invoked, and it returned a response. The +``view_one`` view callable then simply returned the response it obtained from +the ``view_two`` view callable. + +Note that it doesn't matter if the view callable invoked via a subrequest +actually returns a literal Response object. Any view callable that uses a +renderer or which returns an object that can be interpreted by a response +adapter will work too: + +.. code-block:: python + + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server + from pyramid.config import Configurator + from pyramid.request import Request + + def view_one(request): + subreq = Request.blank('/view_two') + response = request.invoke_subrequest(subreq) + return response + + def view_two(request): + return 'This came from view_two' + + if __name__ == '__main__': + config = Configurator() + config.add_route('one', '/view_one') + config.add_route('two', '/view_two') + config.add_view(view_one, route_name='one') + config.add_view(view_two, route_name='two', renderer='string') + app = config.make_wsgi_app() + server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 8080, app) + server.serve_forever() + +Even though the ``view_two`` view callable returned a string, it was invoked +in such a way that the ``string`` renderer associated with the view +registration that was found turned it into a "real" response object for +consumption by ``view_one``. + +Being able to unconditionally obtain a response object by invoking a view +callable indirectly is the main advantage to using +:meth:`pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest` instead of simply importing +the view callable and executing it directly. Note that there's not much +advantage to invoking a view using a subrequest if you *can* invoke a view +callable directly. Subrequests are slower and are less convenient if you +actually do want just the literal information returned by a function that +happens to be a view callable. + +Note that if a view callable invoked by a subrequest raises an exception, the +exception will usually bubble up to the invoking code: + +.. code-block:: python + + from wsgiref.simple_server import make_server + from pyramid.config import Configurator + from pyramid.request import Request + + def view_one(request): + subreq = Request.blank('/view_two') + response = request.invoke_subrequest(subreq) + return response + + def view_two(request): + raise ValueError('foo') + + if __name__ == '__main__': + config = Configurator() + config.add_route('one', '/view_one') + config.add_route('two', '/view_two') + config.add_view(view_one, route_name='one') + config.add_view(view_two, route_name='two', renderer='string') + app = config.make_wsgi_app() + server = make_server('0.0.0.0', 8080, app) + server.serve_forever() + +In the above application, the call to ``request.invoke_subrequest(subreq)`` +will actually raise a :exc:`ValueError` exception instead of retrieving a +"500" response from the attempted invocation of ``view_two``. + +The :meth:`pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest` API accepts two +arguments: a positional argument ``request`` that must be provided, and and +``use_tweens`` keyword argument that is optional; it defaults to ``False``. + +The ``request`` object passed to the API must be an object that implements +the Pyramid request interface (such as a :class:`pyramid.request.Request` +instance). If ``use_tweens`` is ``True``, the request will be sent to the +:term:`tween` in the tween stack closest to the request ingress. If +``use_tweens`` is ``False``, the request will be sent to the main router +handler, and no tweens will be invoked. It's usually best to not invoke any +tweens when executing a subrequest, because the original request will invoke +any tween logic as necessary. The +:meth:`pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest` function also: + +- manages the threadlocal stack so that + :func:`~pyramid.threadlocal.get_current_request` and + :func:`~pyramid.threadlocal.get_current_registry` work during a request + (they will return the subrequest instead of the original request) + +- Adds a ``registry`` attribute and a ``invoke_subrequest`` attribute (a + callable) to the request object it's handed. + +- sets request extensions (such as those added via + :meth:`~pyramid.config.Configurator.add_request_method` or + :meth:`~pyramid.config.Configurator.set_request_property`) on the subrequest + object passed as ``request`` + +- causes a :class:`~pyramid.event.NewRequest` event to be sent at the + beginning of request processing. + +- causes a :class:`~pyramid.event.ContextFound` event to be sent when a + context resource is found. + +- causes a :class:`~pyramid.event.NewResponse` event to be sent when the + Pyramid application returns a response. + +- Calls any :term:`response callback` functions defined within the subrequest's + lifetime if a response is obtained from the Pyramid application. + +- Calls any :term:`finished callback` functions defined within the subrequest's + lifetime. + +It's a poor idea to use the original ``request`` object as an argument to +:meth:`~pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest`. You should construct a +new request instead as demonstrated in the above example, using +:meth:`pyramid.request.Request.blank`. Once you've constructed a request +object, you'll need to massage the it to match the view callable you'd like +to be executed during the subrequest. This can be done by adjusting the +subrequest's URL, its headers, its request method, and other attributes. See +the documentation for :class:`pyramid.request.Request` to understand how to +massage your new request object into something that will match the view you'd +like to call via a subrequest. + +We've demonstrated use of a subrequest from within a view callable, but you +can use the :meth:`~pyramid.request.Request.invoke_subrequest` API from +within a tween or an event handler as well. |
