break script tests into separate files

7 files changed, 1050 insertions, 1027 deletions

diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts.py
deleted file mode 100644
index c76839f80..000000000
--- a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts.py
+++ /dev/null
@@ -1,1027 +0,0 @@
-import unittest
-
-class TestPShellCommand(unittest.TestCase):
-    def _getTargetClass(self):
-        from pyramid.scripts.pshell import PShellCommand
-        return PShellCommand
-
-    def _makeOne(self, patch_bootstrap=True, patch_config=True,
-                 patch_args=True, patch_options=True):
-        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
-        if patch_bootstrap:
-            self.bootstrap = DummyBootstrap()
-            cmd.bootstrap = (self.bootstrap,)
-        if patch_config:
-            self.config_factory = DummyConfigParserFactory()
-            cmd.ConfigParser = self.config_factory
-        if patch_args:
-            self.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
-            cmd.args = self.args
-        if patch_options:
-            class Options(object): pass
-            self.options = Options()
-            self.options.disable_ipython = True
-            self.options.setup = None
-            cmd.options = self.options
-        return cmd
-
-    def test_make_default_shell(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        interact = DummyInteractor()
-        shell = command.make_default_shell(interact)
-        shell({'foo': 'bar'}, 'a help message')
-        self.assertEqual(interact.local, {'foo': 'bar'})
-        self.assertTrue('a help message' in interact.banner)
-
-    def test_make_ipython_v0_11_shell(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        ipshell_factory = DummyIPShellFactory()
-        shell = command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell(ipshell_factory)
-        shell({'foo': 'bar'}, 'a help message')
-        self.assertEqual(ipshell_factory.kw['user_ns'], {'foo': 'bar'})
-        self.assertTrue('a help message' in ipshell_factory.kw['banner2'])
-        self.assertTrue(ipshell_factory.shell.called)
-
-    def test_make_ipython_v0_10_shell(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        ipshell_factory = DummyIPShellFactory()
-        shell = command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell(ipshell_factory)
-        shell({'foo': 'bar'}, 'a help message')
-        self.assertEqual(ipshell_factory.kw['argv'], [])
-        self.assertEqual(ipshell_factory.kw['user_ns'], {'foo': 'bar'})
-        self.assertTrue('a help message' in ipshell_factory.shell.banner)
-        self.assertTrue(ipshell_factory.shell.called)
-
-    def test_command_loads_default_shell(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: None
-        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: None
-        command.make_default_shell = lambda: shell
-        command.run()
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_loads_default_shell_with_ipython_disabled(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        bad_shell = DummyShell()
-        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: bad_shell
-        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: bad_shell
-        command.make_default_shell = lambda: shell
-        command.options.disable_ipython = True
-        command.run()
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-        })
-        self.assertEqual(bad_shell.env, {})
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_loads_ipython_v0_11(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: shell
-        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: None
-        command.make_default_shell = lambda: None
-        command.options.disable_ipython = False
-        command.run()
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_loads_ipython_v0_10(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: None
-        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: shell
-        command.make_default_shell = lambda: None
-        command.options.disable_ipython = False
-        command.run()
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_loads_custom_items(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        model = Dummy()
-        self.config_factory.items = [('m', model)]
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.run(shell)
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-            'm':model,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_setup(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        def setup(env):
-            env['a'] = 1
-            env['root'] = 'root override'
-        self.config_factory.items = [('setup', setup)]
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.run(shell)
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':'root override',
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-            'a':1,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_loads_check_variable_override_order(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        model = Dummy()
-        def setup(env):
-            env['a'] = 1
-            env['m'] = 'model override'
-            env['root'] = 'root override'
-        self.config_factory.items = [('setup', setup), ('m', model)]
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.run(shell)
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':'root override',
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-            'a':1, 'm':model,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_loads_setup_from_options(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        def setup(env):
-            env['a'] = 1
-            env['root'] = 'root override'
-        model = Dummy()
-        self.config_factory.items = [('setup', 'abc'),
-                                     ('m', model)]
-        command.options.setup = setup
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.run(shell)
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':'root override',
-            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
-            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-            'a':1, 'm':model,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-    def test_command_custom_section_override(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        dummy = Dummy()
-        self.config_factory.items = [('app', dummy), ('root', dummy),
-                                     ('registry', dummy), ('request', dummy)]
-        shell = DummyShell()
-        command.run(shell)
-        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
-        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
-                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
-        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
-        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
-            'app':dummy, 'root':dummy, 'registry':dummy, 'request':dummy,
-            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
-        })
-        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
-        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
-
-class TestPRoutesCommand(unittest.TestCase):
-    def _getTargetClass(self):
-        from pyramid.scripts.proutes import PRoutesCommand
-        return PRoutesCommand
-
-    def _makeOne(self):
-        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
-        cmd.bootstrap = (DummyBootstrap(),)
-        cmd.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
-        return cmd
-
-    def test_no_routes(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        mapper = DummyMapper()
-        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L, [])
-
-    def test_no_mapper(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg:None
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L, [])
-
-    def test_single_route_no_route_registered(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        route = DummyRoute('a', '/a')
-        mapper = DummyMapper(route)
-        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
-        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split(), ['a', '/a', '<unknown>'])
-
-    def test_single_route_no_views_registered(self):
-        from zope.interface import Interface
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view():pass
-        class IMyRoute(Interface):
-            pass
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        route = DummyRoute('a', '/a')
-        mapper = DummyMapper(route)
-        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        command.bootstrap = (DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
-        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split()[:3], ['a', '/a', 'None'])
-
-    def test_single_route_one_view_registered(self):
-        from zope.interface import Interface
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view():pass
-        class IMyRoute(Interface):
-            pass
-        registry.registerAdapter(view,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, Interface),
-                                 IView, '')
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        route = DummyRoute('a', '/a')
-        mapper = DummyMapper(route)
-        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        command.bootstrap = (DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
-        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split()[:4], ['a', '/a', '<function', 'view'])
-        
-    def test_single_route_one_view_registered_with_factory(self):
-        from zope.interface import Interface
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view():pass
-        class IMyRoot(Interface):
-            pass
-        class IMyRoute(Interface):
-            pass
-        registry.registerAdapter(view,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, IMyRoot),
-                                 IView, '')
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        def factory(request): pass
-        route = DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory)
-        mapper = DummyMapper(route)
-        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        command.bootstrap = (DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
-        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split()[:3], ['a', '/a', '<unknown>'])
-
-    def test__get_mapper(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        from pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        registry = Registry()
-        result = command._get_mapper(registry)
-        self.assertEqual(result.__class__, RoutesMapper)
-        
-class TestPViewsCommand(unittest.TestCase):
-    def _getTargetClass(self):
-        from pyramid.scripts.pviews import PViewsCommand
-        return PViewsCommand
-
-    def _makeOne(self, registry=None):
-        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
-        cmd.bootstrap = (DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
-        cmd.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
-        return cmd
-
-    def _register_mapper(self, registry, routes):
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper
-        mapper = DummyMapper(*routes)
-        registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)
-
-    def test__find_view_no_match(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
-        command = self._makeOne(registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-
-    def test__find_view_no_match_multiview_registered(self):
-        from zope.interface import implementer
-        from zope.interface import providedBy
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
-        from pyramid.traversal import DefaultRootFactory
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        @implementer(IMultiView)
-        class View1(object):
-            pass
-        request = DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
-        root = DefaultRootFactory(request)
-        root_iface = providedBy(root)
-        registry.registerAdapter(View1(),
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IRequest, root_iface),
-                                 IMultiView)
-        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/x', registry)
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-
-    def test__find_view_traversal(self):
-        from zope.interface import providedBy
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
-        from pyramid.traversal import DefaultRootFactory
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view1(): pass
-        request = DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
-        root = DefaultRootFactory(request)
-        root_iface = providedBy(root)
-        registry.registerAdapter(view1,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IRequest, root_iface),
-                                 IView, name='a')
-        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
-        self.assertEqual(result, view1)
-
-    def test__find_view_traversal_multiview(self):
-        from zope.interface import implementer
-        from zope.interface import providedBy
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
-        from pyramid.traversal import DefaultRootFactory
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        @implementer(IMultiView)
-        class View1(object):
-            pass
-        request = DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
-        root = DefaultRootFactory(request)
-        root_iface = providedBy(root)
-        view = View1()
-        registry.registerAdapter(view,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IRequest, root_iface),
-                                 IMultiView, name='a')
-        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
-        self.assertEqual(result, view)
-
-    def test__find_view_route_no_multiview(self):
-        from zope.interface import Interface
-        from zope.interface import implementer
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view():pass
-        class IMyRoot(Interface):
-            pass
-        class IMyRoute(Interface):
-            pass
-        registry.registerAdapter(view,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, IMyRoot),
-                                 IView, '')
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
-        @implementer(IMyRoot)
-        class Factory(object):
-            def __init__(self, request):
-                pass
-        routes = [DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=Factory, matchdict={}),
-                  DummyRoute('b', '/b', factory=Factory)]
-        self._register_mapper(registry, routes)
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
-        self.assertEqual(result, view)
-
-    def test__find_view_route_multiview_no_view_registered(self):
-        from zope.interface import Interface
-        from zope.interface import implementer
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRootFactory
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view1():pass
-        def view2():pass
-        class IMyRoot(Interface):
-            pass
-        class IMyRoute1(Interface):
-            pass
-        class IMyRoute2(Interface):
-            pass
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute1, IRouteRequest, name='a')
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute2, IRouteRequest, name='b')
-        @implementer(IMyRoot)
-        class Factory(object):
-            def __init__(self, request):
-                pass
-        registry.registerUtility(Factory, IRootFactory)
-        routes = [DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={}),
-                  DummyRoute('b', '/a', matchdict={})]
-        self._register_mapper(registry, routes)
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
-        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(result))
-
-    def test__find_view_route_multiview(self):
-        from zope.interface import Interface
-        from zope.interface import implementer
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
-        from pyramid.interfaces import IRootFactory
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        def view1():pass
-        def view2():pass
-        class IMyRoot(Interface):
-            pass
-        class IMyRoute1(Interface):
-            pass
-        class IMyRoute2(Interface):
-            pass
-        registry.registerAdapter(view1,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute1, IMyRoot),
-                                 IView, '')
-        registry.registerAdapter(view2,
-                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute2, IMyRoot),
-                                 IView, '')
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute1, IRouteRequest, name='a')
-        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute2, IRouteRequest, name='b')
-        @implementer(IMyRoot)
-        class Factory(object):
-            def __init__(self, request):
-                pass
-        registry.registerUtility(Factory, IRootFactory)
-        routes = [DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={}),
-                  DummyRoute('b', '/a', matchdict={})]
-        self._register_mapper(registry, routes)
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
-        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(result))
-        self.assertEqual(len(result.views), 2)
-        self.assertTrue((None, view1, None) in result.views)
-        self.assertTrue((None, view2, None) in result.views)
-
-    def test__find_multi_routes_all_match(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        def factory(request): pass
-        routes = [DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory, matchdict={}),
-                  DummyRoute('b', '/a', factory=factory, matchdict={})]
-        mapper = DummyMapper(*routes)
-        request = DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
-        result = command._find_multi_routes(mapper, request)
-        self.assertEqual(result, [{'match':{}, 'route':routes[0]},
-                                  {'match':{}, 'route':routes[1]}])
-        
-    def test__find_multi_routes_some_match(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        def factory(request): pass
-        routes = [DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory),
-                  DummyRoute('b', '/a', factory=factory, matchdict={})]
-        mapper = DummyMapper(*routes)
-        request = DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
-        result = command._find_multi_routes(mapper, request)
-        self.assertEqual(result, [{'match':{}, 'route':routes[1]}])
-        
-    def test__find_multi_routes_none_match(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        def factory(request): pass
-        routes = [DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory),
-                  DummyRoute('b', '/a', factory=factory)]
-        mapper = DummyMapper(*routes)
-        request = DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
-        result = command._find_multi_routes(mapper, request)
-        self.assertEqual(result, [])
-        
-    def test_views_command_not_found(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: None
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    Not found.')
-
-    def test_views_command_not_found_url_starts_without_slash(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: None
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', 'a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    Not found.')
-
-    def test_views_command_single_view_traversal(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        view = DummyView(context='context', view_name='a')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.DummyView')
-
-    def test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        def view(): pass
-        view.__request_attrs__ = {'context': 'context', 'view_name': 'a'}
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.view')
-
-    def test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_permission(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        view = DummyView(context='context', view_name='a')
-        view.__permission__ = 'test'
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.DummyView')
-        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    required permission = test')
-
-    def test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_predicates(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        def predicate(): pass
-        predicate.__text__ = "predicate = x"
-        view = DummyView(context='context', view_name='a')
-        view.__predicates__ = [predicate]
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.DummyView')
-        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    view predicates (predicate = x)')
-
-    def test_views_command_single_view_route(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        route = DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={})
-        view = DummyView(context='context', view_name='a',
-                         matched_route=route, subpath='')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[6], '    Route:')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    route name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    route pattern: /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[10], '    route path: /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[11], '    subpath: ')
-        self.assertEqual(L[15], '        pyramid.tests.test_scripts.DummyView')
-
-    def test_views_command_multi_view_nested(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        view1 = DummyView(context='context', view_name='a1')
-        view1.__name__ = 'view1'
-        view1.__view_attr__ = 'call'
-        multiview1 = DummyMultiView(view1, context='context', view_name='a1')
-        multiview2 = DummyMultiView(multiview1, context='context',
-                                    view_name='a')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview2
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.DummyMultiView')
-        self.assertEqual(L[12], '        pyramid.tests.test_scripts.view1.call')
-
-    def test_views_command_single_view_route_with_route_predicates(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        def predicate(): pass
-        predicate.__text__ = "predicate = x"
-        route = DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={}, predicate=predicate)
-        view = DummyView(context='context', view_name='a',
-                         matched_route=route, subpath='')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[6], '    Route:')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    route name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    route pattern: /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[10], '    route path: /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[11], '    subpath: ')
-        self.assertEqual(L[12], '    route predicates (predicate = x)')
-        self.assertEqual(L[16], '        pyramid.tests.test_scripts.DummyView')
-
-    def test_views_command_multiview(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        view = DummyView(context='context')
-        view.__name__ = 'view'
-        view.__view_attr__ = 'call'
-        multiview = DummyMultiView(view, context='context', view_name='a')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.view.call')
-
-    def test_views_command_multiview_with_permission(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        view = DummyView(context='context')
-        view.__name__ = 'view'
-        view.__view_attr__ = 'call'
-        view.__permission__ = 'test'
-        multiview = DummyMultiView(view, context='context', view_name='a')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.view.call')
-        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    required permission = test')
-
-    def test_views_command_multiview_with_predicates(self):
-        from pyramid.registry import Registry
-        registry = Registry()
-        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        def predicate(): pass
-        predicate.__text__ = "predicate = x"
-        view = DummyView(context='context')
-        view.__name__ = 'view'
-        view.__view_attr__ = 'call'
-        view.__predicates__ = [predicate]
-        multiview = DummyMultiView(view, context='context', view_name='a')
-        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview
-        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
-        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
-        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.view.call')
-        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    view predicates (predicate = x)')
-
-class TestPTweensCommand(unittest.TestCase):
-    def _getTargetClass(self):
-        from pyramid.scripts.ptweens import PTweensCommand
-        return PTweensCommand
-
-    def _makeOne(self):
-        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
-        cmd.bootstrap = (DummyBootstrap(),)
-        cmd.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
-        return cmd
-
-    def test_command_no_tweens(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        command._get_tweens = lambda *arg: None
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(L, [])
-
-    def test_command_implicit_tweens_only(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        tweens = DummyTweens([('name', 'item')], None)
-        command._get_tweens = lambda *arg: tweens
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(
-           L[0],
-           '"pyramid.tweens" config value NOT set (implicitly ordered tweens '
-            'used)')
-
-    def test_command_implicit_and_explicit_tweens(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        tweens = DummyTweens([('name', 'item')], [('name2', 'item2')])
-        command._get_tweens = lambda *arg: tweens
-        L = []
-        command.out = L.append
-        result = command.run()
-        self.assertEqual(result, None)
-        self.assertEqual(
-           L[0],
-           '"pyramid.tweens" config value set (explicitly ordered tweens used)')
-
-    def test__get_tweens(self):
-        command = self._makeOne()
-        registry = DummyRegistry()
-        self.assertEqual(command._get_tweens(registry), None)
-
-class DummyTweens(object):
-    def __init__(self, implicit, explicit):
-        self._implicit = implicit
-        self.explicit = explicit
-        self.name_to_alias = {}
-    def implicit(self):
-        return self._implicit
-                
-class Dummy:
-    pass
-
-dummy_root = Dummy()
-
-class DummyRegistry(object):
-    settings = {}
-    def queryUtility(self, iface, default=None, name=''):
-        return default
-
-dummy_registry = DummyRegistry()
-
-class DummyShell(object):
-    env = {}
-    help = ''
-
-    def __call__(self, env, help):
-        self.env = env
-        self.help = help
-
-class DummyInteractor:
-    def __call__(self, banner, local):
-        self.banner = banner
-        self.local = local
-
-class DummyIPShell(object):
-    IP = Dummy()
-    IP.BANNER = 'foo'
-
-    def set_banner(self, banner):
-        self.banner = banner
-
-    def __call__(self):
-        self.called = True
-
-class DummyIPShellFactory(object):
-    def __call__(self, **kw):
-        self.kw = kw
-        self.shell = DummyIPShell()
-        return self.shell
-
-class DummyApp:
-    def __init__(self):
-        self.registry = dummy_registry
-
-class DummyMapper(object):
-    def __init__(self, *routes):
-        self.routes = routes
-
-    def get_routes(self):
-        return self.routes
-
-class DummyRoute(object):
-    def __init__(self, name, pattern, factory=None,
-                 matchdict=None, predicate=None):
-        self.name = name
-        self.path = pattern
-        self.pattern = pattern
-        self.factory = factory
-        self.matchdict = matchdict
-        self.predicates = []
-        if predicate is not None:
-            self.predicates = [predicate]
-
-    def match(self, route):
-        return self.matchdict
-        
-class DummyRequest:
-    application_url = 'http://example.com:5432'
-    script_name = ''
-    def __init__(self, environ):
-        self.environ = environ
-        self.matchdict = {}
-
-class DummyView(object):
-    def __init__(self, **attrs):
-        self.__request_attrs__ = attrs
-
-from zope.interface import implementer
-from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
-@implementer(IMultiView)
-class DummyMultiView(object):
-
-    def __init__(self, *views, **attrs):
-        self.views = [(None, view, None) for view in views]
-        self.__request_attrs__ = attrs
-
-class DummyConfigParser(object):
-    def __init__(self, result):
-        self.result = result
-
-    def read(self, filename):
-        self.filename = filename
-
-    def items(self, section):
-        self.section = section
-        if self.result is None:
-            from pyramid.compat import configparser
-            raise configparser.NoSectionError(section)
-        return self.result
-
-class DummyConfigParserFactory(object):
-    items = None
-
-    def __call__(self):
-        self.parser = DummyConfigParser(self.items)
-        return self.parser
-
-class DummyCloser(object):
-    def __call__(self):
-        self.called = True
-
-class DummyBootstrap(object):
-    def __init__(self, app=None, registry=None, request=None, root=None,
-                 root_factory=None, closer=None):
-        self.app = app or DummyApp()
-        if registry is None:
-            registry = DummyRegistry()
-        self.registry = registry
-        if request is None:
-            request = DummyRequest({})
-        self.request = request
-        if root is None:
-            root = Dummy()
-        self.root = root
-        if root_factory is None:
-            root_factory = Dummy()
-        self.root_factory = root_factory
-        if closer is None:
-            closer = DummyCloser()
-        self.closer = closer
-
-    def __call__(self, *a, **kw):
-        self.a = a
-        self.kw = kw
-        return {
-            'app': self.app,
-            'registry': self.registry,
-            'request': self.request,
-            'root': self.root,
-            'root_factory': self.root_factory,
-            'closer': self.closer,
-        }
diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/__init__.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..5bb534f79
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# package
diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/dummy.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/dummy.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3275f7804
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/dummy.py
@@ -0,0 +1,151 @@
+class DummyTweens(object):
+    def __init__(self, implicit, explicit):
+        self._implicit = implicit
+        self.explicit = explicit
+        self.name_to_alias = {}
+    def implicit(self):
+        return self._implicit
+                
+class Dummy:
+    pass
+
+dummy_root = Dummy()
+
+class DummyRegistry(object):
+    settings = {}
+    def queryUtility(self, iface, default=None, name=''):
+        return default
+
+dummy_registry = DummyRegistry()
+
+class DummyShell(object):
+    env = {}
+    help = ''
+
+    def __call__(self, env, help):
+        self.env = env
+        self.help = help
+
+class DummyInteractor:
+    def __call__(self, banner, local):
+        self.banner = banner
+        self.local = local
+
+class DummyIPShell(object):
+    IP = Dummy()
+    IP.BANNER = 'foo'
+
+    def set_banner(self, banner):
+        self.banner = banner
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        self.called = True
+
+class DummyIPShellFactory(object):
+    def __call__(self, **kw):
+        self.kw = kw
+        self.shell = DummyIPShell()
+        return self.shell
+
+class DummyApp:
+    def __init__(self):
+        self.registry = dummy_registry
+
+class DummyMapper(object):
+    def __init__(self, *routes):
+        self.routes = routes
+
+    def get_routes(self):
+        return self.routes
+
+class DummyRoute(object):
+    def __init__(self, name, pattern, factory=None,
+                 matchdict=None, predicate=None):
+        self.name = name
+        self.path = pattern
+        self.pattern = pattern
+        self.factory = factory
+        self.matchdict = matchdict
+        self.predicates = []
+        if predicate is not None:
+            self.predicates = [predicate]
+
+    def match(self, route):
+        return self.matchdict
+        
+class DummyRequest:
+    application_url = 'http://example.com:5432'
+    script_name = ''
+    def __init__(self, environ):
+        self.environ = environ
+        self.matchdict = {}
+
+class DummyView(object):
+    def __init__(self, **attrs):
+        self.__request_attrs__ = attrs
+
+from zope.interface import implementer
+from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
+@implementer(IMultiView)
+class DummyMultiView(object):
+
+    def __init__(self, *views, **attrs):
+        self.views = [(None, view, None) for view in views]
+        self.__request_attrs__ = attrs
+
+class DummyConfigParser(object):
+    def __init__(self, result):
+        self.result = result
+
+    def read(self, filename):
+        self.filename = filename
+
+    def items(self, section):
+        self.section = section
+        if self.result is None:
+            from pyramid.compat import configparser
+            raise configparser.NoSectionError(section)
+        return self.result
+
+class DummyConfigParserFactory(object):
+    items = None
+
+    def __call__(self):
+        self.parser = DummyConfigParser(self.items)
+        return self.parser
+
+class DummyCloser(object):
+    def __call__(self):
+        self.called = True
+
+class DummyBootstrap(object):
+    def __init__(self, app=None, registry=None, request=None, root=None,
+                 root_factory=None, closer=None):
+        self.app = app or DummyApp()
+        if registry is None:
+            registry = DummyRegistry()
+        self.registry = registry
+        if request is None:
+            request = DummyRequest({})
+        self.request = request
+        if root is None:
+            root = Dummy()
+        self.root = root
+        if root_factory is None:
+            root_factory = Dummy()
+        self.root_factory = root_factory
+        if closer is None:
+            closer = DummyCloser()
+        self.closer = closer
+
+    def __call__(self, *a, **kw):
+        self.a = a
+        self.kw = kw
+        return {
+            'app': self.app,
+            'registry': self.registry,
+            'request': self.request,
+            'root': self.root,
+            'root_factory': self.root_factory,
+            'closer': self.closer,
+        }
diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..a8b577316
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_proutes.py
@@ -0,0 +1,129 @@
+import unittest
+from pyramid.tests.test_scripts import dummy
+
+class TestPRoutesCommand(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _getTargetClass(self):
+        from pyramid.scripts.proutes import PRoutesCommand
+        return PRoutesCommand
+
+    def _makeOne(self):
+        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
+        cmd.bootstrap = (dummy.DummyBootstrap(),)
+        cmd.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
+        return cmd
+
+    def test_no_routes(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper()
+        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L, [])
+
+    def test_no_mapper(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg:None
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L, [])
+
+    def test_single_route_no_route_registered(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a')
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)
+        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split(), ['a', '/a', '<unknown>'])
+
+    def test_single_route_no_views_registered(self):
+        from zope.interface import Interface
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view():pass
+        class IMyRoute(Interface):
+            pass
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a')
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)
+        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        command.bootstrap = (dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split()[:3], ['a', '/a', 'None'])
+
+    def test_single_route_one_view_registered(self):
+        from zope.interface import Interface
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view():pass
+        class IMyRoute(Interface):
+            pass
+        registry.registerAdapter(view,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, Interface),
+                                 IView, '')
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a')
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)
+        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        command.bootstrap = (dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split()[:4], ['a', '/a', '<function', 'view'])
+        
+    def test_single_route_one_view_registered_with_factory(self):
+        from zope.interface import Interface
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view():pass
+        class IMyRoot(Interface):
+            pass
+        class IMyRoute(Interface):
+            pass
+        registry.registerAdapter(view,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, IMyRoot),
+                                 IView, '')
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        def factory(request): pass
+        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory)
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(route)
+        command._get_mapper = lambda *arg: mapper
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        command.bootstrap = (dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(len(L), 3)
+        self.assertEqual(L[-1].split()[:3], ['a', '/a', '<unknown>'])
+
+    def test__get_mapper(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        from pyramid.urldispatch import RoutesMapper
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        registry = Registry()
+        result = command._get_mapper(registry)
+        self.assertEqual(result.__class__, RoutesMapper)
+        
diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..b0ea8c5ea
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_pshell.py
@@ -0,0 +1,249 @@
+import unittest
+from pyramid.tests.test_scripts import dummy
+
+class TestPShellCommand(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _getTargetClass(self):
+        from pyramid.scripts.pshell import PShellCommand
+        return PShellCommand
+
+    def _makeOne(self, patch_bootstrap=True, patch_config=True,
+                 patch_args=True, patch_options=True):
+        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
+        if patch_bootstrap:
+            self.bootstrap = dummy.DummyBootstrap()
+            cmd.bootstrap = (self.bootstrap,)
+        if patch_config:
+            self.config_factory = dummy.DummyConfigParserFactory()
+            cmd.ConfigParser = self.config_factory
+        if patch_args:
+            self.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
+            cmd.args = self.args
+        if patch_options:
+            class Options(object): pass
+            self.options = Options()
+            self.options.disable_ipython = True
+            self.options.setup = None
+            cmd.options = self.options
+        return cmd
+
+    def test_make_default_shell(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        interact = dummy.DummyInteractor()
+        shell = command.make_default_shell(interact)
+        shell({'foo': 'bar'}, 'a help message')
+        self.assertEqual(interact.local, {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertTrue('a help message' in interact.banner)
+
+    def test_make_ipython_v0_11_shell(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        ipshell_factory = dummy.DummyIPShellFactory()
+        shell = command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell(ipshell_factory)
+        shell({'foo': 'bar'}, 'a help message')
+        self.assertEqual(ipshell_factory.kw['user_ns'], {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertTrue('a help message' in ipshell_factory.kw['banner2'])
+        self.assertTrue(ipshell_factory.shell.called)
+
+    def test_make_ipython_v0_10_shell(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        ipshell_factory = dummy.DummyIPShellFactory()
+        shell = command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell(ipshell_factory)
+        shell({'foo': 'bar'}, 'a help message')
+        self.assertEqual(ipshell_factory.kw['argv'], [])
+        self.assertEqual(ipshell_factory.kw['user_ns'], {'foo': 'bar'})
+        self.assertTrue('a help message' in ipshell_factory.shell.banner)
+        self.assertTrue(ipshell_factory.shell.called)
+
+    def test_command_loads_default_shell(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: None
+        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: None
+        command.make_default_shell = lambda: shell
+        command.run()
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_loads_default_shell_with_ipython_disabled(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        bad_shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: bad_shell
+        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: bad_shell
+        command.make_default_shell = lambda: shell
+        command.options.disable_ipython = True
+        command.run()
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+        })
+        self.assertEqual(bad_shell.env, {})
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_loads_ipython_v0_11(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: shell
+        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: None
+        command.make_default_shell = lambda: None
+        command.options.disable_ipython = False
+        command.run()
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_loads_ipython_v0_10(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.make_ipython_v0_11_shell = lambda: None
+        command.make_ipython_v0_10_shell = lambda: shell
+        command.make_default_shell = lambda: None
+        command.options.disable_ipython = False
+        command.run()
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_loads_custom_items(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        model = dummy.Dummy()
+        self.config_factory.items = [('m', model)]
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.run(shell)
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':self.bootstrap.root,
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+            'm':model,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_setup(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        def setup(env):
+            env['a'] = 1
+            env['root'] = 'root override'
+        self.config_factory.items = [('setup', setup)]
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.run(shell)
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':'root override',
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+            'a':1,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_loads_check_variable_override_order(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        model = dummy.Dummy()
+        def setup(env):
+            env['a'] = 1
+            env['m'] = 'model override'
+            env['root'] = 'root override'
+        self.config_factory.items = [('setup', setup), ('m', model)]
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.run(shell)
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':'root override',
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+            'a':1, 'm':model,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_loads_setup_from_options(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        def setup(env):
+            env['a'] = 1
+            env['root'] = 'root override'
+        model = dummy.Dummy()
+        self.config_factory.items = [('setup', 'abc'),
+                                     ('m', model)]
+        command.options.setup = setup
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.run(shell)
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':self.bootstrap.app, 'root':'root override',
+            'registry':self.bootstrap.registry,
+            'request':self.bootstrap.request,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+            'a':1, 'm':model,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
+    def test_command_custom_section_override(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        dummy_ = dummy.Dummy()
+        self.config_factory.items = [('app', dummy_), ('root', dummy_),
+                                     ('registry', dummy_), ('request', dummy_)]
+        shell = dummy.DummyShell()
+        command.run(shell)
+        self.assertTrue(self.config_factory.parser)
+        self.assertEqual(self.config_factory.parser.filename,
+                         '/foo/bar/myapp.ini')
+        self.assertEqual(self.bootstrap.a[0], '/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp')
+        self.assertEqual(shell.env, {
+            'app':dummy_, 'root':dummy_, 'registry':dummy_, 'request':dummy_,
+            'root_factory':self.bootstrap.root_factory,
+        })
+        self.assertTrue(self.bootstrap.closer.called)
+        self.assertTrue(shell.help)
+
diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4ee38dd85
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_ptweens.py
@@ -0,0 +1,53 @@
+import unittest
+from pyramid.tests.test_scripts import dummy
+
+class TestPTweensCommand(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _getTargetClass(self):
+        from pyramid.scripts.ptweens import PTweensCommand
+        return PTweensCommand
+
+    def _makeOne(self):
+        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
+        cmd.bootstrap = (dummy.DummyBootstrap(),)
+        cmd.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
+        return cmd
+
+    def test_command_no_tweens(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        command._get_tweens = lambda *arg: None
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L, [])
+
+    def test_command_implicit_tweens_only(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        tweens = dummy.DummyTweens([('name', 'item')], None)
+        command._get_tweens = lambda *arg: tweens
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(
+           L[0],
+           '"pyramid.tweens" config value NOT set (implicitly ordered tweens '
+            'used)')
+
+    def test_command_implicit_and_explicit_tweens(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        tweens = dummy.DummyTweens([('name', 'item')], [('name2', 'item2')])
+        command._get_tweens = lambda *arg: tweens
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(
+           L[0],
+           '"pyramid.tweens" config value set (explicitly ordered tweens used)')
+
+    def test__get_tweens(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        registry = dummy.DummyRegistry()
+        self.assertEqual(command._get_tweens(registry), None)
+
diff --git a/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..473ba5598
--- /dev/null
+++ b/pyramid/tests/test_scripts/test_pviews.py
@@ -0,0 +1,467 @@
+import unittest
+from pyramid.tests.test_scripts import dummy
+
+class TestPViewsCommand(unittest.TestCase):
+    def _getTargetClass(self):
+        from pyramid.scripts.pviews import PViewsCommand
+        return PViewsCommand
+
+    def _makeOne(self, registry=None):
+        cmd = self._getTargetClass()([])
+        cmd.bootstrap = (dummy.DummyBootstrap(registry=registry),)
+        cmd.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp',)
+        return cmd
+
+    def _register_mapper(self, registry, routes):
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRoutesMapper
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(*routes)
+        registry.registerUtility(mapper, IRoutesMapper)
+
+    def test__find_view_no_match(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
+        command = self._makeOne(registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+
+    def test__find_view_no_match_multiview_registered(self):
+        from zope.interface import implementer
+        from zope.interface import providedBy
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
+        from pyramid.traversal import DefaultRootFactory
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        @implementer(IMultiView)
+        class View1(object):
+            pass
+        request = dummy.DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
+        root = DefaultRootFactory(request)
+        root_iface = providedBy(root)
+        registry.registerAdapter(View1(),
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IRequest, root_iface),
+                                 IMultiView)
+        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/x', registry)
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+
+    def test__find_view_traversal(self):
+        from zope.interface import providedBy
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
+        from pyramid.traversal import DefaultRootFactory
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view1(): pass
+        request = dummy.DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
+        root = DefaultRootFactory(request)
+        root_iface = providedBy(root)
+        registry.registerAdapter(view1,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IRequest, root_iface),
+                                 IView, name='a')
+        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
+        self.assertEqual(result, view1)
+
+    def test__find_view_traversal_multiview(self):
+        from zope.interface import implementer
+        from zope.interface import providedBy
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
+        from pyramid.traversal import DefaultRootFactory
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        @implementer(IMultiView)
+        class View1(object):
+            pass
+        request = dummy.DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
+        root = DefaultRootFactory(request)
+        root_iface = providedBy(root)
+        view = View1()
+        registry.registerAdapter(view,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IRequest, root_iface),
+                                 IMultiView, name='a')
+        self._register_mapper(registry, [])
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
+        self.assertEqual(result, view)
+
+    def test__find_view_route_no_multiview(self):
+        from zope.interface import Interface
+        from zope.interface import implementer
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view():pass
+        class IMyRoot(Interface):
+            pass
+        class IMyRoute(Interface):
+            pass
+        registry.registerAdapter(view,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute, IMyRoot),
+                                 IView, '')
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute, IRouteRequest, name='a')
+        @implementer(IMyRoot)
+        class Factory(object):
+            def __init__(self, request):
+                pass
+        routes = [dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=Factory, matchdict={}),
+                  dummy.DummyRoute('b', '/b', factory=Factory)]
+        self._register_mapper(registry, routes)
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
+        self.assertEqual(result, view)
+
+    def test__find_view_route_multiview_no_view_registered(self):
+        from zope.interface import Interface
+        from zope.interface import implementer
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRootFactory
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view1():pass
+        def view2():pass
+        class IMyRoot(Interface):
+            pass
+        class IMyRoute1(Interface):
+            pass
+        class IMyRoute2(Interface):
+            pass
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute1, IRouteRequest, name='a')
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute2, IRouteRequest, name='b')
+        @implementer(IMyRoot)
+        class Factory(object):
+            def __init__(self, request):
+                pass
+        registry.registerUtility(Factory, IRootFactory)
+        routes = [dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={}),
+                  dummy.DummyRoute('b', '/a', matchdict={})]
+        self._register_mapper(registry, routes)
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
+        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(result))
+
+    def test__find_view_route_multiview(self):
+        from zope.interface import Interface
+        from zope.interface import implementer
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRouteRequest
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IViewClassifier
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IView
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IMultiView
+        from pyramid.interfaces import IRootFactory
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        def view1():pass
+        def view2():pass
+        class IMyRoot(Interface):
+            pass
+        class IMyRoute1(Interface):
+            pass
+        class IMyRoute2(Interface):
+            pass
+        registry.registerAdapter(view1,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute1, IMyRoot),
+                                 IView, '')
+        registry.registerAdapter(view2,
+                                 (IViewClassifier, IMyRoute2, IMyRoot),
+                                 IView, '')
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute1, IRouteRequest, name='a')
+        registry.registerUtility(IMyRoute2, IRouteRequest, name='b')
+        @implementer(IMyRoot)
+        class Factory(object):
+            def __init__(self, request):
+                pass
+        registry.registerUtility(Factory, IRootFactory)
+        routes = [dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={}),
+                  dummy.DummyRoute('b', '/a', matchdict={})]
+        self._register_mapper(registry, routes)
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        result = command._find_view('/a', registry)
+        self.assertTrue(IMultiView.providedBy(result))
+        self.assertEqual(len(result.views), 2)
+        self.assertTrue((None, view1, None) in result.views)
+        self.assertTrue((None, view2, None) in result.views)
+
+    def test__find_multi_routes_all_match(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        def factory(request): pass
+        routes = [dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory, matchdict={}),
+                  dummy.DummyRoute('b', '/a', factory=factory, matchdict={})]
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(*routes)
+        request = dummy.DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
+        result = command._find_multi_routes(mapper, request)
+        self.assertEqual(result, [{'match':{}, 'route':routes[0]},
+                                  {'match':{}, 'route':routes[1]}])
+        
+    def test__find_multi_routes_some_match(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        def factory(request): pass
+        routes = [dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory),
+                  dummy.DummyRoute('b', '/a', factory=factory, matchdict={})]
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(*routes)
+        request = dummy.DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
+        result = command._find_multi_routes(mapper, request)
+        self.assertEqual(result, [{'match':{}, 'route':routes[1]}])
+        
+    def test__find_multi_routes_none_match(self):
+        command = self._makeOne()
+        def factory(request): pass
+        routes = [dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', factory=factory),
+                  dummy.DummyRoute('b', '/a', factory=factory)]
+        mapper = dummy.DummyMapper(*routes)
+        request = dummy.DummyRequest({'PATH_INFO':'/a'})
+        result = command._find_multi_routes(mapper, request)
+        self.assertEqual(result, [])
+        
+    def test_views_command_not_found(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: None
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    Not found.')
+
+    def test_views_command_not_found_url_starts_without_slash(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: None
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', 'a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    Not found.')
+
+    def test_views_command_single_view_traversal(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context', view_name='a')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.DummyView')
+
+    def test_views_command_single_view_function_traversal(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        def view(): pass
+        view.__request_attrs__ = {'context': 'context', 'view_name': 'a'}
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.test_pviews.view')
+
+    def test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_permission(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context', view_name='a')
+        view.__permission__ = 'test'
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.DummyView')
+        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    required permission = test')
+
+    def test_views_command_single_view_traversal_with_predicates(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        def predicate(): pass
+        predicate.__text__ = "predicate = x"
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context', view_name='a')
+        view.__predicates__ = [predicate]
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.DummyView')
+        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    view predicates (predicate = x)')
+
+    def test_views_command_single_view_route(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={})
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context', view_name='a',
+                         matched_route=route, subpath='')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[6], '    Route:')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    route name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    route pattern: /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[10], '    route path: /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[11], '    subpath: ')
+        self.assertEqual(L[15],
+                   '        pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.DummyView')
+
+    def test_views_command_multi_view_nested(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        view1 = dummy.DummyView(context='context', view_name='a1')
+        view1.__name__ = 'view1'
+        view1.__view_attr__ = 'call'
+        multiview1 = dummy.DummyMultiView(view1, context='context',
+                                          view_name='a1')
+        multiview2 = dummy.DummyMultiView(multiview1, context='context',
+                                    view_name='a')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview2
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                  '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.DummyMultiView')
+        self.assertEqual(L[12],
+                  '        pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.view1.call')
+
+    def test_views_command_single_view_route_with_route_predicates(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        def predicate(): pass
+        predicate.__text__ = "predicate = x"
+        route = dummy.DummyRoute('a', '/a', matchdict={}, predicate=predicate)
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context', view_name='a',
+                         matched_route=route, subpath='')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: view
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[6], '    Route:')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8], '    route name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    route pattern: /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[10], '    route path: /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[11], '    subpath: ')
+        self.assertEqual(L[12], '    route predicates (predicate = x)')
+        self.assertEqual(L[16],
+               '        pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.DummyView')
+
+    def test_views_command_multiview(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context')
+        view.__name__ = 'view'
+        view.__view_attr__ = 'call'
+        multiview = dummy.DummyMultiView(view, context='context', view_name='a')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                     '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.view.call')
+
+    def test_views_command_multiview_with_permission(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context')
+        view.__name__ = 'view'
+        view.__view_attr__ = 'call'
+        view.__permission__ = 'test'
+        multiview = dummy.DummyMultiView(view, context='context', view_name='a')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                       '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.view.call')
+        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    required permission = test')
+
+    def test_views_command_multiview_with_predicates(self):
+        from pyramid.registry import Registry
+        registry = Registry()
+        command = self._makeOne(registry=registry)
+        L = []
+        command.out = L.append
+        def predicate(): pass
+        predicate.__text__ = "predicate = x"
+        view = dummy.DummyView(context='context')
+        view.__name__ = 'view'
+        view.__view_attr__ = 'call'
+        view.__predicates__ = [predicate]
+        multiview = dummy.DummyMultiView(view, context='context', view_name='a')
+        command._find_view = lambda arg1, arg2: multiview
+        command.args = ('/foo/bar/myapp.ini#myapp', '/a')
+        result = command.run()
+        self.assertEqual(result, None)
+        self.assertEqual(L[1], 'URL = /a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[3], '    context: context')
+        self.assertEqual(L[4], '    view name: a')
+        self.assertEqual(L[8],
+                         '    pyramid.tests.test_scripts.dummy.view.call')
+        self.assertEqual(L[9], '    view predicates (predicate = x)')
+